Several deaths linked to contaminated cough syrups manufactured in India have raised alarm both domestically and internationally. What should have been harmless medication turned deadly, highlighting gaps in production oversight and regulatory enforcement. Investigations are ongoing to determine how toxic substances entered the supply chain and why safety checks failed.
What are the cough syrup-linked deaths in India?
This term refers to a public health concern where several batches of cough and cold syrups produced by Indian pharmaceutical companies were reportedly contaminated with toxic chemicals. These syrups have been associated with child fatalities in countries including The Gambia and Uzbekistan, according to WHO reports.
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The suspected contaminants are diethylene glycol (DEG) and ethylene glycol (EG), industrial-grade solvents that are highly toxic to humans. They are not intended for consumption. WHO investigations suggest these chemicals may have been used as a substitute for safe pharmaceutical-grade solvents like glycerin or propylene glycol. Ingestion can lead to acute kidney failure, identified as the primary cause of the reported deaths.
Previous cases of cough syrup-related deaths
Historical and recent cases indicate a recurring pattern of concern:
- The Gambia (2022): WHO reported that cough syrups from Maiden Pharmaceuticals Limited were linked to the deaths of at least 70 children. Laboratory tests detected “unacceptable amounts” of DEG and EG.
- Uzbekistan (2022): The Uzbek health ministry reported 18 child deaths after consuming ‘Doc-1 Max’ syrup, manufactured by Marion Biotech Pvt. Ltd. Indian regulators confirmed the samples were “adulterated.”
- Global Alert (2023): WHO issued an alert regarding ‘Natural Honey Lemon FS’ syrup by Riemann Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., found in Cameroon and The Gambia, also contaminated with DEG and EG.
A similar incident occurred in Panama in 2006, when diethylene glycol, mislabeled as glycerin from a Chinese supplier, was used in cough syrup, resulting in numerous fatalities.
Advisory from global organizations
WHO has issued multiple advisories warning about the risks of DEG contamination in cough syrups, especially pediatric formulations. Due to recurring fatalities worldwide, WHO recommends:
- Strict quality control in medicine production
- Close monitoring of imported and locally manufactured syrups
- Issuing recalls or bans on suspicious pharmaceutical products immediately upon signs of contamination
WHO also emphasizes the use of safe alternatives and advises that certain cough syrups should not be given to young children unless prescribed and verified safe.
Safety measures when using cough syrup
To minimize risk, WHO and Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) recommend the following:
- Check that the product is authentic, with a valid license number, batch code, and expiry date. Only purchase from licensed pharmacies or trusted sources.
- Follow prescribed or labeled dosages, especially for children. Avoid self-adjusting doses and consult a doctor for children under six.
- Monitor for side effects like nausea, dizziness, or allergic reactions, and seek medical help if they occur.
- Avoid self-medicating for prolonged coughs; consult a healthcare professional to rule out underlying conditions.
- Store syrups in a cool, dry place away from children to prevent accidental ingestion.
These guidelines are intended to promote informed use and reduce the risk of complications.
