As the climate continues to warm, the southwestern U.S. is facing dramatic shifts in weather patterns, alternating between drought and flooding. This unpredictable climate has brought greater attention to lesser-known infectious diseases like Valley fever, which are becoming more prominent in public discussions.

Residents and visitors to California’s Central Valley and Central Coast are advised to be vigilant about the increased risk of Valley fever from September to November. This fungal infection often presents symptoms like those of common respiratory illnesses, including a persistent cough, fever, chest pain, and fatigue. Health officials stress the importance of consulting a doctor if any of these symptoms occur, as early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for recovery.

What is Valley Fever?

Valley fever, also known as coccidioidomycosis or “cocci,” is an infection caused by a fungus found in the soil of certain regions in California and the southwestern United States. Both people and animals can become ill by inhaling dust that carries this fungus. The infection primarily affects the lungs and can lead to respiratory symptoms such as cough, fever, chest pain, and fatigue.

Where can Valley fever be found?

In addition to California, Valley fever is commonly reported in western states like Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. Over the past 20 years, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has noted a rise in cases nationwide, though many go unreported or misdiagnosed. Recent research indicates that droughts and climate change contribute to a higher risk of infection.

Symptoms of Valley Fever

Valley fever can present symptoms that last over a week, so it’s important to reach out to your healthcare provider if this occurs. Symptoms often include fatigue, cough, fever, headache, shortness of breath, night sweats, muscle aches, joint pain, and rashes on the upper body or legs. Typically, symptoms arise 1 to 3 weeks after inhaling the fungal spores and can last for several weeks or even months. In about 5 to 10% of cases, individuals may develop serious lung problems, and roughly 1% may experience the infection spreading to other areas, including the central nervous system.

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How is Valley fever treated?

Valley fever treatment varies based on the severity of the condition and your healthcare provider’s approach. They may monitor your symptoms before prescribing medication or opt for treatment to reduce the risk of complications. For serious or persistent infections, or if you have risk factors like chronic lung disease, antifungal medications may be recommended. These medications help manage the condition and prevent the illness from becoming more severe.

Prevention tips

To help prevent Valley fever in high-risk areas, consider these practical tips:

• Stay indoors with windows and doors closed during windy and dusty conditions.
• Keep car windows closed and use recirculating air when driving through dusty regions.
• Before digging, wet down soil and dirt to prevent stirring up dust into the air.
• Wear a properly fitted N95 respirator if you must be outside in dusty air.